Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are solid deposits of minerals and acid salts that form when urine becomes highly concentrated. These stones can vary in size and may cause significant pain, especially when passing through the urinary tract. Proper hydration and medical intervention are key to managing and preventing kidney stones.
Procedures
1.PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy):
A minimally invasive procedure used to remove large kidney stones by making a small incision in the back and using a nephroscope to break and extract the stones.
2.URS (Ureteroscopy):
A procedure in which a thin, flexible tube (ureteroscope) is inserted through the urethra to locate and remove kidney stones from the ureters or kidneys.
3.RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery):
A minimally invasive surgery where a scope is inserted into the urinary tract to access and remove stones from within the kidney, often with the help of a laser.
4.Mini Perc:
A less invasive version of PCNL, involving smaller incisions to remove kidney stones, offering quicker recovery and reduced risk of complications.
FAQ’s
What causes kidney stones?
Kidney stones form when substances like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid crystallize in the kidneys. Factors like dehydration, high-protein diets, and genetic predisposition increase the risk. Certain medical conditions, such as hyperparathyroidism, also contribute. A diet high in sodium and sugar can aggravate the issue. Drinking enough fluids helps prevent their formation.
How are kidney stones diagnosed?
Kidney stones are diagnosed using imaging tests like ultrasounds, X-rays, or CT scans. Doctors may also perform urine and blood tests to check for high levels of stone-forming substances. Symptoms like severe pain, nausea, and blood in urine can indicate their presence. A CT scan is the most precise test for detecting kidney stones. Diagnosis helps determine the best treatment approach.
What is the best treatment for kidney stones?
Treatment depends on stone size and type. Small stones may pass naturally with increased fluid intake and pain management. Larger stones may require medications, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), laser treatment, or surgery. Ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are common surgical methods. Lifestyle and dietary changes help prevent recurrence.
Can I dissolve a 7mm kidney stone?
A 7mm kidney stone is large and may not pass naturally. Some medications, such as alpha-blockers, may help relax the ureter for easier passage. Certain types of stones, like uric acid stones, can sometimes be dissolved with alkaline treatments. If natural passage fails, medical interventions like lithotripsy or laser treatment may be necessary. Consulting a specialist is essential for proper management.
Is laser treatment good for kidney stones?
Yes, laser treatment (laser lithotripsy) is highly effective for breaking kidney stones into small fragments. It is a minimally invasive procedure performed via ureteroscopy. The laser targets and shatters stones, allowing them to pass through urine. Recovery is quick, with minimal discomfort. It is suitable for stones resistant to other treatments.
Which method is best to remove a kidney stone?
The best removal method depends on stone size, location, and patient health. Small stones may pass naturally, while medium-sized stones often require shock wave lithotripsy. Larger or stubborn stones may need ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Surgeons choose the safest and most effective method based on individual cases.
Is laser kidney stone surgery painful?
Laser kidney stone surgery is generally well-tolerated and performed under anesthesia. Patients may experience mild discomfort, burning sensation while urinating, or slight bleeding post-surgery. Pain relief medications help manage any discomfort. Recovery is quick, usually within a few days. It is less painful compared to traditional surgical procedures.
Which surgery is better for kidney stones?
The choice of surgery depends on stone size and location. Laser lithotripsy is ideal for medium-sized stones, while PCNL is preferred for larger stones. Ureteroscopy is effective for stones in the ureter. Open surgery is rarely needed today due to advancements in minimally invasive techniques. The doctor decides the best method based on individual health conditions.